Qualitative Research

Laddering Theory, Method, Analysis, and Interpretation by Thomas J. Reynolds and Jonathan Gutman is a foundational framework in qualitative research, particularly within consumer behavior studies. Below is an overview of the key aspects of this theory and methodology: Overview of Laddering Theory… Lees meer: Overview of Laddering Theory

Loss aversion, a cornerstone of behavioral economics, profoundly impacts consumer decision-making in marketing. It describes the tendency for individuals to feel the pain of a loss more strongly than the pleasure of an equivalent gain (Peng, 2025), (Frank, NaN), (Mrkva, 2019). This… Lees meer: Loss Aversion in Marketing: 

A research report is a structured document that presents the findings of a study or investigation. It typically consists of several key parts, each serving a specific purpose in communicating the research process and results. The report begins with a title page,… Lees meer: Writing a Research Report

Research proposals play a crucial role in the social sciences, serving as a roadmap for researchers and a tool for gaining approval or funding. Matthews and Ross (2010) emphasize the importance of research proposals in their textbook “Research Methods: A Practical Guide… Lees meer: Research Proposals (Chapter B6)

Research Methods in Social Research: A Comprehensive Guide to Data Collection Part C of “Research Methods: A Practical Guide for the Social Sciences” by Matthews and Ross focuses on the critical aspect of data collection in social research. This section provides a… Lees meer: Data Collection (Part C)

Research Methods in Social Research: Choosing the Right Approach The choice of research method in social research is a critical decision that shapes the entire study. Matthews and Ross (2010) emphasize the importance of aligning the research method with the research questions… Lees meer: Research Design (Chapter B3)

The choice of research method in social research is a critical decision that shapes the entire research process. Matthews and Ross (2010) emphasize the importance of aligning research methods with research questions and objectives. This alignment ensures that the chosen methods effectively… Lees meer: Choosing Method(Chapter B4)

Calculating Correlation in SPSS Step 1: Prepare Your Data Step 2: Access the Correlation Analysis Tool Step 3: Select Variables Step 4: Choose Correlation Coefficient Step 5: Additional Options Step 6: Run the Analysis Interpreting the Results Correlation Coefficient Statistical Significance Sample… Lees meer: Guide SPSS How to: Correlation

Concepts and variables are important components of scientific research (Trochim, 2006). Concepts refer to abstract or general ideas that describe or explain phenomena, while variables are measurable attributes or characteristics that can vary across individuals, groups, or situations. Concepts and variables are… Lees meer: Concepts and Variables

Immersiveness is a key aspect of film that refers to the degree to which viewers feel engaged and absorbed in the cinematic experience (Tamborini, Bowman, Eden, & Grizzard, 2010). Measuring immersiveness in film can be challenging, as it is a subjective experience… Lees meer: Immersiveness Measuring with Scales

Cultivation theory is a theoretical framework in the field of media studies that explains how long-term exposure to media can shape people’s perceptions of reality. According to this theory, the more an individual is exposed to media content, the more their perceptions… Lees meer: Cultivation Theory

Qualitative research interviews are a method used to gather information about people’s experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions. There are several different types of qualitative research interviews that you can use, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Here’s an overview of the… Lees meer: Indepth Interview

A focus group is a qualitative research method that involves a small, diverse group of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic or product. The purpose of a focus group is to gather opinions, thoughts, and feedback from the… Lees meer: Conducting effective Focus Groups

Qualitative research involves the exploration of individuals’ experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions to generate insights that can inform various fields. To get the most out of qualitative research, researchers employ various methods to collect, analyze and interpret data. One such method is… Lees meer: Think Out Loud

Observation is one of the most commonly used research methods in media studies. It involves collecting data by watching and recording the behavior and interactions of people in specific situations. Observations can take many forms, including participant observation, non-participant observation, and structured… Lees meer: Observation

Qualitative interviews are a powerful tool for gathering rich and detailed information on participants’ experiences, attitudes, and beliefs. However, analyzing qualitative interview data can be complex and challenging. In this essay, we will discuss six methods of analysis for qualitative interviews, elaborate… Lees meer: Six analysis methods for Qualitative Research

Validity is a fundamental concept in research, particularly in media studies, which involves analyzing various forms of media, such as film, television, print, and digital media. In media studies, validity refers to the extent to which a research method, data collection tool,… Lees meer: Validity

Concepts and variables are two key terms that play a significant role in media studies. While the two terms may appear similar, they serve distinct purposes and meanings. Understanding the differences between concepts and variables is essential for media studies scholars and… Lees meer: Concepts and Variables

Type I and Type II errors are two statistical concepts that are highly relevant to the media industry. These errors refer to the mistakes that can be made when interpreting data, which can have significant consequences for media reporting and analysis. Type… Lees meer: Type I and Type II errors

Transparency in research is a vital aspect of ensuring the validity and credibility of the findings. A transparent research process means that the research methods, data, and results are openly available to the public and can be easily replicated and verified by… Lees meer: Transperancy

You may read this TIP Sheet from start to finish before you begin your paper, or skip to the steps that are causing you the most grief. 1. Choosing a topic: Interest, information, and focusYour job will be more pleasant, and you… Lees meer: Tip Sheet Research Paper

Sampling error is a statistical concept that occurs when a sample of a population is used to make inferences about the entire population, but the sample doesn’t accurately represent the population. This can happen due to a variety of reasons, such as… Lees meer: Sampling Error

Replicability is a key aspect of scientific research that ensures the validity and reliability of results. In media studies, replicability is particularly important because of the subjective nature of many of the topics studied. This essay will discuss the importance of replicability… Lees meer: Replicabilty

APA 7 style is a comprehensive formatting and citation system widely used in academic and professional writing. This essay will cover key aspects of APA 7, including in-text referencing, reference list formatting, and reporting statistical results, tables, and figures. In-Text Referencing In-text… Lees meer: APA Style

Even though most student plagiarism is probably unintentional, it is in students’ best interests to become aware that failing to give credit where it is due can have serious consequences. For example, at Butte College, a student caught in even one act… Lees meer: Plagiarism

As a media student, you are likely to come across two primary research methods: inductive and deductive research. Both approaches are important in the field of media research and have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. In this essay, we will explore… Lees meer: Inductive versus Deductive

According to Jenkins (2006), “convergence culture represents a shift in the relations between media and culture, as consumers take control of the flow of media” (p. 2). In her book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Goffman (1959) discusses the ways… Lees meer: How to use citations in your research

 In media studies, it is important to choose the appropriate measurement tools to gather data on attitudes, perceptions, brain activity, and arousal. Here are some potential measurement tools that can be used to gather data in each of these areas: In conclusion,… Lees meer: Examples of Measurement Tools

There’s something you should know: Your college instructors have a hidden agenda. You may be alarmed to hear this-yet your achievement of their “other” purpose may very well be the most important part of your education. For every writing assignment has, at… Lees meer: Developing a thesis and supporting arguments

As a student, you may be required to conduct research for a project, paper, or presentation. Research is a vital skill that can help you understand a topic more deeply, develop critical thinking skills, and support your arguments with evidence. Here are… Lees meer: First Step

Theories, Models, and Concepts in Media and Marketing In the realm of media and marketing, understanding theories, models, and concepts is crucial for developing effective strategies. These constructs provide a framework for analyzing consumer behavior, crafting strategies, and implementing marketing campaigns. This… Lees meer: Theories, Models and Concepts

Chapter E1-E3 Matthews and Ross Presenting research results effectively is crucial for communicating findings, influencing decision-making, and advancing knowledge across various domains. The approach to presenting these results can vary significantly depending on the setting, audience, and purpose. This essay will explore… Lees meer: Result Presentation (Chapter E1-E3)

Chapter D6 Mathews and Ross Focus groups are a valuable qualitative research method that can provide rich insights into people’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences on a particular topic. As a university student, conducting focus groups can be an excellent way to gather… Lees meer: Focus Groups (Chapter C5)

Chapter D4, Matthews and Ross Here is a guide on how to conduct a thematic analysis: What is Thematic Analysis? Thematic analysis is a qualitative research method used to identify, analyze, and report patterns or themes within data. It allows you to… Lees meer: Thematic Analysis (Chapter D4)

A hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between two or more variables. It is a crucial step in the scientific process, as it sets the direction for further investigation and helps researchers to determine whether their assumptions and predictions are… Lees meer: Developing a Hypothesis